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Bangladesh is mostly an agricultural nation. The country's ideal climate and extremely fertile terrain allow for an abundance of crop growth. About 13% of GDP and 40.6% of the workforce are employed in agriculture (Economic Survey, 2022). Major macroeconomic goals, including job creation, poverty reduction, the development of human resources, food security, etc., are significantly impacted by this sector's success. Bangladesh is mostly an agricultural nation that is constrained by crop production. Bangladesh has a predominantly subtropical monsoon climate. Rice, wheat, maize, jute, pulses, oilseeds, sugarcane, and other tropical crops are among the well-known crops grown in Bangladesh. Oilseeds are seeds that are primarily planted to produce edible oils. Edible oils are essential for human nutrition because they provide calories and facilitate the absorption of a number of fat-soluble vitamins, including Vitamin A. The daily recommended intake of oil per person is 6gm for a diet of 2700 kcal (Islam et al., 2021). Oilseeds are grown throughout the rabi season; sowing occurs in December and January, and harvesting occurs in February and March. Around 1027 thousand acres of land are used for oilseed crops, which yield 1416 MT (BBS, 2022). The government will need to spend a sizable sum of money on edible oil in the future because it is a highly populated nation and that demand will only continue to climb. By increasing the nation's production of oilseeds, this severe oil issue might be solved. The most commonly grown oilseeds in Bangladesh are rapeseed-mustard, sesame, linseed, groundnut, coconut, and castor. Furthermore, Bangladesh doesn't grow palm oil, so soybean farming is of little significance (Jyoti and Robin, 2021). The greatest acreage was used for mustard agriculture (66.21%), followed by soybeans (11.67%), groundnuts (8.06%), sesame (6.61%), coconut (6%), linseed (1.05%), and sunflower (0.42%) (BBS, 2022). One of the most widely grown thermal and photosensitive oilseed crops is mustard or rapeseed (Brassica spp. L.) (Sampa et al., 2021). Farmers cultivate both rapeseed (brassica campestris) and mustard (brassica juncea) in Bangladesh, but both are commonly known as “mustard.” BARI and BINA have released more than 20 mustard varieties. Among them, two common varieties (“tori” and “shet”) are rapeseed, while “rai” is mustard; however, all are marketed and consumed as “mustard” in Bangladesh. The country also imports rapeseed and blends it with mustard during crushing and produces “mustard oil” for sale in the local market (USDA, 2023). Rapeseed and mustard, collectively referred to as "Mustard," are the most important oilseed crops in Bangladesh, accounting for more than 60% of the nation's total oilseed production (Sarkar et al., 2020). A significant oilseed crop, rapeseed-mustard (Brassica spp.) or mustard, is grown in 53 countries on six continents, with India being the second largest producer after China (Boomiraj et al., 2010). The government of Bangladesh has, therefore, provided priority to the agriculture sector to increase the production of oil seeds by giving subsidies to the farmer son different inputs such as fertilizer, irrigation, etc. Oilcake, the byproduct of Mustard, is a nutritious food item for cattle and fish. It is also an effective organic fertilizer. In Bangladesh, it is a significant source of cooking oil and provides one-third of the nation's needs for edible oil (Sarkar et al., 2020). One-third of Bangladesh's total oil seed production is made up of oilseeds. The majority of the time, foreign imports are necessary to sustain the market's supply of oil, which costs enormous amounts of foreign currency (Hossain et al., 2006). The output of oilseeds has increased significantly worldwide in recent years (Carré and Pouzet, 2014), while Bangladesh's oilseed crop yield is decreasing (Nur-E-Nabi et al., 2019). Due to a variety of economic and technical factors, the area used for oilseed farming has been declining over time.
However, since 2010, more land has been planted with mustard, an important oilseed crop in Bangladesh (Miah et al., 2014). The flowering plant species sesame (Sesamum indicum), which was domesticated more than 3000 years ago, is one of the oldest oilseed crops. The use and advantages of sesame oil were discovered by native people in the Middle East thousands of years ago, and ever since, it has been a significant summer crop. In tropical areas all throughout the world, it has become widely naturalized and is grown for its edible, pod-shaped seeds. It can also be grown under a variety of abiotic stress situations because it is a strong crop (Miah et al., 2015). In Bangladesh, sesame is a significant oilseed. Every year, a significant amount of foreign currency is used to import edible oils and oilseeds to satisfy domestic demand (Myint, 2020; Eleuch et al., 2021). Sesame seeds are typically produced around the world at a rate of 3 million metric tons annually. About 0.5 to 0.6 million metric tons of sesame are thought to be exported globally (Agro, 2016). On 9, 983 hectares of land, 5, 531 metric tons of sesame was thought to have been produced globally in 2017. Africa (39.3%) and America (4.4%) are the next two largest producers of sesame in the world, behind Asia (56.4%). India produces the most sesame (665,566.67 metric tons), followed by China (616,004.96 metric tons) and Nigeria (192,295.96 metric tons), which ranks eighth among the world's top ten producers. Any quantity of the product provided to the market is simply sold due to the great demand. Bangladesh has the opportunity to enhance its output to keep up with the rising demand for sesame seeds on a global scale. Production of the crop became a top focus in Bangladesh's agricultural sector when the country realized the potential of sesame production to generate foreign cash for the nation (Islam et al., 2022). The main crop used to make oil in Bangladesh is soybean. It is an outstanding source of protein, isoflavones, lecithin, and polysaccharides, as well as oil, protein, vitamins, and minerals that are necessary for human function (Islam, 2019). In very few places in Bangladesh, soybeans are farmed. The nation produces 5% of its yearly demand for soybeans, primarily in the southern belt, which includes the districts of Noakhali, Lakshmipur, and Bhola. Soybeans grown domestically are mostly used in the feed business. The typical Bangladesh produces roughly 1.8 MT/hectare of soybean varieties, which is significantly less than the global average of 2.8 MT/hectare. In Bangladesh, more than ten high-yielding soybean varieties have been introduced since 1990, although over 70% of soybean farmers still grow the "shohag" variety, which was formally introduced in 1991 and has a yield of about 1.6–1.8 MT per hectare (USDA, 2023). In Bangladesh, groundnut is mostly grown on marginal land in both the summer and winter months. Over the past ten years, both its area and productivity have progressively decreased (Jahan et al., 2022). In 2020–2021, groundnut production and area were approximately 86,000 acres and 67,000 metric tons, respectively. Again, just 6.97% of the total land under all oil crops is occupied by groundnut, and it provides approximately 6.73% of the total oilseed production in 2020–2021 (BBS, 2021). In addition to being a superior oil crop, groundnuts are also a good source of protein, healthy fodder for cattle, and a lucrative income crop for farmers (Jahan et al., 2022). Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is a self-pollinating, tropical annual legume that is primarily farmed as one of the significant oilseed crops (Ntare et al., 2008). In addition to serving as a valuable source of protein and edible oil for human consumption, groundnuts also serve as a valuable source of income for livestock feed by fixing atmospheric nitrogen in soils, which reduces the need for N fertilizer (Bekele et al., 2022).
Few groundnuts are utilized in the production of oil; instead, they are mostly employed as ingredients in a variety of industrially processed meals (Jahan et al., 2022). The majority of these studies have specifically focused on a particular crop. These studies examine the trends and patterns of price changes within a specific crop.
As a result, the purpose of this study is to analyze the present status of oilseeds in terms of area, yield, and production and highlight the annual price variation and financial profitability of selected oilseeds. See details.
Source: Online/GFMM
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